Teaching Phylosophy

My teaching philosophy

My philosophy on education focused maintaining students’ behavior in Islamic way, actively engaged in discussions and increase high level thinking. I employ different structures in the classroom, using routines and procedure to help students be comfortable and confident in class. I include interesting learning activities in my lessons to obtain attention of students and inspire them to learn. I provide a healthy learning environment to learn from each other and to be interactive with the teacher. Students in my class can explore meaning and engaged in critical learning and responsible for their learning.

Students in my class get excitement in learning by having active and enjoyable lessons. As accounting is a different subject for them, first I make them ready for the subject and use different teaching aids to make it interest and concrete. I am dedicated to the success of each student in my class. The skills and knowledge they gain from the class will reveal many opportunities in their future. It is my objective to improve student’s success and provide quality instructions to prepare for their future.

Reflection on TPI

Interpretation on TPI

Teachers need to deliver the lesson effectively with rich content knowledge. While delivering the lessons teacher need to make students responsible for their learning and need to use variety in the lessons. it is important to Have good questioning skills for an effective lesson. By considering the TPI it is above the average.

Good or effective teachers must understand the student ability and capability, as teachers are very skillful they give the tasks according to the cognitive ability of the students. By preparing the tasks or activities according to the ability level students will get opportunity to learn and reach the higher level. According to TPI this is also above the average.

Teachers are good medium students to reach from lower level to high level. Teachers use two strategies to do this. One is questioning from simple to more complex level and second thing is delivering the new knowledge. They relate the prior knowledge with the new information. It helps students understand it better way. In this aspect the TPI is below the average and need to put more effort on this.

Good teachers build a positive relation with students; it will help students built a high self-esteem and confidence.  Teachers are the second parents for the students, they care and provide healthy environment for learning, as well they provide constructive feedback which helps students rectify their mistakes and motivate for learning. A positive relation with students will encourage students to take leadership and initiative for the activities. It is vital to have self-esteem in order achieve their goals for future. TPI shows an above average in this aspect.

An effective teacher includes the three domains in the lesson. They are affective, psychomotor and cognitive. If a teacher uses these domain students will be well shaped and can fit for the society. But the problem is most of the teachers use only cognitive domain and leaving the other two domain. It is very important to teach the values to shape their behavior and use enough activities to develop their physical body.  Teaching and showing the goods qualities will lead students to use and develop within themselves. So it will help to have harmony in the society. The TPI score shows above the average for the social reform.  

writing 3

Social Learning Theory

Bandura called his theory a social cognitive theory. Like other behaviourists, Bandura believes that cognitive development alone cannot explain changes in behaviour in childhood and he believed that learning processes are primarily responsible for children’s development. However, he felt quite strongly that the cognitive abilities of the child affect learning processes. This, he feels, is especially true of the more complex types of learning.

Kids as well as adults do copy from others; specially follow the famous players, celebrities and even their friends or their favourites. This is done by observing the behaviour of other people or the environment. In social learning theory Albert Bandura (1977) states behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.  Children observe the people around them behaving in various ways. This is illustrated during the famous Bobo doll experiment (Bandura, 1961).

Individuals that are observed are called models. In the society children are surrounded by many influencing models, such as family members, teachers, friends, peer groups and media. These models provide examples of masculine and feminine behaviour to observe and imitate.

They pay attention to models and encode the behaviour and later they imitate the behaviour.  There are four steps involve in observing the behaviour from the surrounding.

1.                Attention: by paying attention observe the behaviour

2.               Retention: remembering what is observed from surrounding.

3.               Reproduction: imitate or copy the observed behaviour.

4.               Motivation: Reasons to imitate. In this process, the observer expects to receive positive reinforcements for the modelled behaviour.

Environmental experiences are a second influence of the social learning of violence in children. According to Albert Bandura, children who live in high crime rates areas are more likely to act violently than those who live in low crime area. In our classrooms, the indisciplined students are from broken families and instable families. They acts and wordings are similar to their families.

The media plays a very vital role in social learning or in other words the media affects the behaviour or children and adults. People wants to be heroes, so change the hair style, costumes and even behaviour according to their favourite hero. For example, John Hinckley attempted to assassinate President Ronald Regen after he watched the movie “Taxi Driver” fifteen times. In the movie “Born innocent,” a girl raped with a bottled by four other girls. In 1974, a similar incident happened to a California’s girl. The girl who raped her testifies in court that they had witness the same scene in Born Innocent”. (Siegel,1992: p. 172)

Therefore, to build a beneficial generation or a child need to show and demonstrate all the good qualities and values from the parents, schools and other aspects of the society. Children learn from the observations from their surrounding environment.  

Writing 2

Behaviorism

Classic Conditioning

This concept was developed by a Russian Psychologist Ivan Pavlov (1849- 1936).

	Classical conditioning is a type of learning which based on the association of a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a particular response with another stimulus that does elicit the response.                         (Papalia, Feldman, & Olds 2007)

According to this definition, the most important point of classic conditioning is association. It means that if two stimuli repeatedly experienced they will become associated.

This can be very applicable to a lesson. For example; if a teacher is well prepared for the lesson, use effective teaching aids and deliver the lesson effectively. Students will be very motivated; therefore both teaching and learning will be very effective and meaningful.

On the other hand, if the explanation is not clear and the teacher always uses chalk and board or  gives difficult task or more homework, students will dislike the subject as well as the teacher.

Types of stimulus and response

A stimulus is an observable environmental event that has a potential to exert control over a behavioural response. A response is an over behaviour by a learner. Stimulus will influence the behaviour and stimulus will produce the response.

In classical conditioning there are two types of stimulus and responses. They are unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response and conditioned response

 Stimulus 

      •         Unconditioned stimulus

 This is a stimulus that can produce the response without any learning.

•         Conditioned stimulus

 Conditioned stimulus acquired the ability to produce the response because it was paired (associated) with the unconditioned stimulus.

 •         Response

•          Unconditioned response

• This is the unlearned or inborn reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.

•          Conditioned response

• When a response is produced by the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as the conditioned response

Operant conditioning

Operant or instrumental conditioning is a form of learning in which the consequences of behaviour lead to changes in the probability that the behaviour will occur.

“Behavior that brings about a satisfying effect (reinforcement) is apt to be performed again, whereas behavior that brings about negative effect (punishment) is apt to be suppressed.”

                                                                                                         (Morris & Maisto, 2001) 

Operant conditioning is related with reinforcements and punishments.

Reinforcements- Positive and negative -to increase positive behaviour 

Punishments- Positive and negative - to avoid or discourage negative or disruptive behaviour. 

Teachers looking to use behavioral techniques to reinforce learning are more likely to use operant conditioning techniques. Operant conditioning involves punishments and rewards. This could be done quite simply by a teacher offering a reward (for example, praise) for a job well done or punishment (homework) for failure to do well. Classical conditioning may not be used as directly, but often can work along with operant conditioning to reinforce learning. For instance, if the overall tone of a teacher's classroom is one of praise and enjoyment in learning, the student will associate this pleasure with the specific class and will be more likely to attend.

Students who have experienced threatening and fearful situations in the classroom can have difficulty in learning. This may be due to early experiences in the school, example giving a tough exam. Even when she is older, the student may have autonomic responses, such as sweating and increased heart rate, when simply thinking about taking an exam or when faced with difficult math problems. In the classroom, teachers can be aware of the effects of classical conditioning on test anxiety and create learning and test environment that reinforces a feel of calm and focus. When a student takes tests in a low pressure, positive environment over time, the classically conditioned response will become disappear.

Therefore, by using classical and specially operant conditioning (reinforcements and punishments), students behavior can be conditioned in the classroom to foster the learning and moderate the behavior.